Heat flow in the flame zone of a direct-fired rotary kiln has been modeled mathematically. The flame has been assumed to be cylindrical in shape, backmixed radially, and moving axially in plug flow.
The length of the flame and the rate of entrainment of secondary air have been characterized by empirical equations reported in the literature. It has been shown that the axial component of radiation can be reasonably neglected since it is relatively small compared to the radial component. The resulting one-dimensional model is capable of predicting the axial temperature profiles of the flame and wall and the axial profiles of heat flux to the solids bed and refractory wall.
The model has been employed to study the influence on heat flow to the bed of the following variables: fuel type (fuel oil, natural gas, producer gas), firing rate, temperature of secondary air, pct primary air, and oxygen enrichment.
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ball mill plant photo from hiimac...
28, Feb 2016
